Arthritis in Dogs: Early Signs, Treatments & FAQs from a Veterinarian
Worried your dog may have arthritis? Learn the early signs of canine arthritis, treatment options, and when it's time to speak with your veterinarian.
"My Dog Is Slowing Down..."
Your once mountain-loving, trail-running companion now hesitates at the stairs. Maybe they're slower to get up in the morning or no longer jump into the car for adventures like they used to.
Here's something many pet owners don't realize: up to 80% of dogs over the age of eight show signs of osteoarthritis. While arthritis is more common in senior dogs, younger dogs can be affected too.
The good news? Arthritis is one of the most manageable chronic conditions we see in veterinary medicine. Early recognition and treatment can make a significant difference in your dog's comfort, mobility, and quality of life.
What Is Arthritis in Dogs?
Arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, is a chronic condition that develops when the protective cartilage within a joint begins to break down.
As cartilage deteriorates, joints become inflamed, painful, and less mobile. Over time, this can lead to stiffness, reduced activity, muscle loss, and chronic discomfort.
Osteoarthritis is commonly associated with:
- Hip dysplasia
- Elbow dysplasia
- Cranial cruciate ligament injuries
- Previous trauma or injury
- Obesity
- Age-related wear and tear
What Are the Early Signs of Arthritis in Dogs?
Many of the earliest signs are subtle. Dogs are incredibly stoic and often adapt to discomfort long before owners recognize there's a problem.
Early Signs of Arthritis
Stiffness after rest
Your dog may be slow to get up after sleeping or resting.
Reluctance to jump
They may hesitate before jumping into the car, onto furniture, or over obstacles.
Slower walks
You may notice your dog lagging behind or tiring more quickly than usual.
Changes in gait
Some dogs develop a "bunny-hopping" gait or move differently when running.
Behaviour changes
Pain can lead to irritability, withdrawal, or changes in social behaviour.
Licking joints
Repeated licking of elbows, knees, or hips can be a sign of discomfort.
Muscle loss
You may notice reduced muscle mass in the hind limbs as activity decreases.
If your dog is showing even one or two of these signs, it's worth discussing them with your veterinarian sooner rather than later.
How Is Arthritis Diagnosed?
A veterinarian will typically assess:
- Joint range of motion
- Muscle symmetry
- Gait and mobility
- Pain response
- Body condition score
In some cases, X-rays may be recommended to evaluate the severity of joint changes and help guide treatment decisions.
What Are the Best Treatments for Arthritis in Dogs?
While arthritis cannot be cured, it can often be managed very successfully through a multimodal treatment plan.
Weight Management
Even modest weight loss can significantly reduce stress on joints and improve mobility.
Anti-Inflammatory Medications
Veterinary anti-inflammatory medications can help reduce inflammation and improve comfort. Your veterinarian will determine which option is most appropriate for your dog.
Joint Supplements
Joint supplements may support long-term joint health and can be a helpful component of a broader treatment plan.
Injectable Arthritis Therapies
Newer treatments, including monoclonal antibody therapies, can provide meaningful pain relief for many dogs with osteoarthritis.
Lifestyle Modifications
Simple changes can make a big difference:
- Non-slip flooring or rugs
- Orthopedic bedding
- Ramps instead of stairs
- Shorter, more frequent walks
- Gentle warm-up before exercise
Co-written with Antonia Ward - client care specialist - Harmony Veterinary Services LTD
